A Close Look at SEGA & Parent Company CSK

Alex Smith of They Create Worlds, a podcast focused on documenting the video game industry as a whole, has released a two-part series on SEGA and its parent conglomerate, CSK Corporation (Computer Service Kabushiki-Kaisha). The series offers a well-researched and nuanced look at Isao Okawa, the owner of CSK & subsidiary SEGA Enterprises and the ultimate downfall of SEGA during the Dreamcast era.

Part 1 covers the origin of CSK and major players involved, Okawa’s bold move to pivot CSK during uncertain times, the purchase of SEGA from Gulf and Western, the decade-long corporate transition from U.S. company to a traditional Japanese company, and SEGA becoming publicly traded in Japan.

The Shenanigans of CUC Software They Create Worlds

TCW Podcast Episode 258 – The Shenanigans of CUC Software   Walter Forbes built CUC International from Comp-U-Card, a phone-in discount shopping club that cut out the middleman with a small markup and annual fee, not unlike a proto-Amazon Prime. As computer networks like CompuServe, Prodigy, and GEnie rose, CUC pivoted online and Forbes set his sights on the games business, joining the Sierra On-Line board and buying out Ken Williams and Davidson and Associates for a combined 1.7 billion dollars in stock swaps. Despite promises to Williams that he would not be secondary to a competitor, Bob Davidson of Davidson and Associates ended up running the software division, and when Davidson discovered something troubling enough to dump his stock and left. The cracks were beginning to show. Williams tried to take over, was not given the time of day, and eventually left. Forbes meanwhile pursued a merger with Henry Silverman's HFS, a hospitality giant owning Days Inn, Ramada, Howard Johnson, Century 21, Coldwell Banker, and Avis, forming the new conglomerate Cendant. The true depth of the shenanigans were only starting to show. How could a company consistently just barely beat analyst/market estimates?   Comp-U-Card News Brief: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6H5mdSHyNQ Credit Card Impression Machines: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/S5c2mA1cnv4 New Innovations in Credit Cards (1985): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TBD8HTssRA The Simpsons – The Truth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Nc88_ZEfxg TCW 039 – On-Line Systems: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW039-on-line-systems TCW 040 – Sierra On-Line: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW040-sierra-on-line Word Attack (PC-DOS 1983): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJf13H9Wbnk Math Blaster (PC-DOS 1983): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKi_g0g8EWQ TCW 162 – Spinnaker Software: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW162-spinnaker-software TCW 054 – Blizzard: Vikings and Warcraft: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW054-blizzard-vikings-and-warcraft TCW 071 – A story of Brøderbund!: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW071-a-story-of-broderbund TCW 072 – The MYSTeries of Brøderbund! – : https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW072-the-mysteries-of-broderbund   New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  BlueSky: @theycreateworlds.bsky.social Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1   Intro Music: Josh Woodward – Airplane Mode –  Music – "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RoleMusic – Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  1. The Shenanigans of CUC Software
  2. Nine Atari Games
  3. Cinemaware
  4. The Elder Scrolls: Morrowind
  5. The Elder Scrolls: Arena & Daggerfall

Part 2 examines the circumstances leading to Okawa’s direct control as CEO of SEGA and the financial difficulties resulting from SEGA’s internal money lending, Okawa’s dream to make CSK and SEGA more network focused and his planned contingencies for potential failure.

The Shenanigans of CUC Software They Create Worlds

TCW Podcast Episode 258 – The Shenanigans of CUC Software   Walter Forbes built CUC International from Comp-U-Card, a phone-in discount shopping club that cut out the middleman with a small markup and annual fee, not unlike a proto-Amazon Prime. As computer networks like CompuServe, Prodigy, and GEnie rose, CUC pivoted online and Forbes set his sights on the games business, joining the Sierra On-Line board and buying out Ken Williams and Davidson and Associates for a combined 1.7 billion dollars in stock swaps. Despite promises to Williams that he would not be secondary to a competitor, Bob Davidson of Davidson and Associates ended up running the software division, and when Davidson discovered something troubling enough to dump his stock and left. The cracks were beginning to show. Williams tried to take over, was not given the time of day, and eventually left. Forbes meanwhile pursued a merger with Henry Silverman's HFS, a hospitality giant owning Days Inn, Ramada, Howard Johnson, Century 21, Coldwell Banker, and Avis, forming the new conglomerate Cendant. The true depth of the shenanigans were only starting to show. How could a company consistently just barely beat analyst/market estimates?   Comp-U-Card News Brief: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6H5mdSHyNQ Credit Card Impression Machines: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/S5c2mA1cnv4 New Innovations in Credit Cards (1985): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TBD8HTssRA The Simpsons – The Truth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Nc88_ZEfxg TCW 039 – On-Line Systems: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW039-on-line-systems TCW 040 – Sierra On-Line: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW040-sierra-on-line Word Attack (PC-DOS 1983): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJf13H9Wbnk Math Blaster (PC-DOS 1983): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKi_g0g8EWQ TCW 162 – Spinnaker Software: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW162-spinnaker-software TCW 054 – Blizzard: Vikings and Warcraft: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW054-blizzard-vikings-and-warcraft TCW 071 – A story of Brøderbund!: https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW071-a-story-of-broderbund TCW 072 – The MYSTeries of Brøderbund! – : https://www.theycreateworlds.com/episodes/TCW072-the-mysteries-of-broderbund   New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  BlueSky: @theycreateworlds.bsky.social Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1   Intro Music: Josh Woodward – Airplane Mode –  Music – "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RoleMusic – Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  1. The Shenanigans of CUC Software
  2. Nine Atari Games
  3. Cinemaware
  4. The Elder Scrolls: Morrowind
  5. The Elder Scrolls: Arena & Daggerfall

With Okawa’s passing in 2001, CSK shifted in a financial services direction, and ended up selling their stake in SEGA to Sammy, who then used this leverage to completely buy out SEGA a year later.

Alexander Smith is a reference librarian with a background in history, research, and law who has been delving into the history of the video game industry for over ten years. He has played a crucial role in the preservation of certain documents and artifacts in early video game history and has conducted over 100 oral history interviews with key executives in the evolution of the industry. Currently, he co-hosts a bi-monthly podcast dedicated to the history of the industry (also called “They Create Worlds”) and serves as a researcher and consultant for the Video Game Pioneers Archive oral history project of the Smithsonian Institution.

Smith claims his information is derived from “rare primary sources” including little-studied trade publications, personal papers collections, and oral history interviews with designers and executives, many of whom have never told their stories before.

About the author

SaturnDave

A massive Saturn fan since Christmas '96, Dave is enthusiastic about growing the community and spreading Saturn love and knowledge to fans old and new. Co-founding the SEGA SATURN, SHIRO! podcast back in 2017 and creating the SHIRO! SHOW in 2020, he seeks to create interesting and engaging Saturn-related content for the community. Dave's interests circle around game preservation, and he is a huge fan of game magazines and developer interviews.

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